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Economy

CBN Gov attributes Naira weakness to Nigerians’ appetite for Dollar, foreign goods

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Olayemi Cardoso
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***Frankly tells Nigerians, the bank has no magic wand to halt Naira free fall

***’Ways and Means’ is over for good, says Cardoso

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Governor Olayemi Cardoso has attributed the weakness of the Naira to the insatiable appetite of Nigerians for the Dollar and foreign exchange.

Cardoso who gave the admonition during an interactive session with the Senate Committees on Finance, Appropriations, Banking, Insurance and other Financial Institutions, said without moderation of demands on USD, the CBN has no magic wand to stop the free fall of the Naira
He has therefore urged Nigerians, especially the elite, to reduce their appetite for dollar, consumption and usage of foreign goods and patronage of foreign schools and hospitals.
He however informed members of the committee that series of measures have been put in place by the apex bank recently, are yielding results with inflow of about $1billion into the economy.
He also indicated that the Nigerian foreign exchange market is currently facing increased demand pressures, causing a continuous decline in the value of the naira.
He told his host that apex financial institution in the country had no magic wand to hurriedly get the naira stabilised.

He said, “The Nigerian foreign exchange market is currently facing increased demand pressures, causing a continuous decline in the value of the naira.

“Factors contributing to this situation include speculative forex demand, inadequate forex supply increased capital outflows, and excess liquidity.
“To address exchange rate volatility, a comprehensive strategy has been initiated to enhance liquidity in the FX markets.
“This includes unifying FX market segments, clearing outstanding FX obligations, introducing new operational mechanisms for BDCs and IMTOs, enforcing the Net Open Position limit, Open Market Operations and adjusting the remunerable Standing Deposit Facility cap among others.
“The measures, aimed at ensuring a more market-oriented mechanism for exchange rate determination, will boost foreign exchange inflows, stabilize the exchange rate, and minimize its pass-through to domestic inflation.
“Indeed, they have already started yielding early results with significant interest from Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) that have already begun to supply the much-needed foreign exchange to the economy.
“For example, upwards of $1 billion in the last few days came in to subscribe to the Nigeria Treasury Bill auction of 1 trillion Naira which saw an oversubscription earlier this week.
“Our measures aimed at improving USD supply into the Nigerian economy, has significant potential in taming the volatility of the exchange rates. However, for these measures to be sustainable, we must as a country, moderate our demand for FX.
“It is also clear that the task of stabilizing the exchange rate, while an official mandate of the CBN, would necessitate efforts beyond the Bank itself. It will also include actions by corporates and individuals to reduce our frequent demand for the dollar for business and personal needs”.
On Inflation rate , the apex bank governor assured Nigerians that it will reduce to 21.4% in 2024.

He said, “Inflationary pressures are expected to decline in 2024 due to the CBN’s inflation-targeting policy, aiming to rein in inflation to 21.4 percent at the medium term, aided by improved agricultural productivity and easing global supply chain pressures,”he said .

He attributed the current food crisis in the country to insecurity, and natural causes.

Cardoso said, “The upward trend of food inflation is primarily due to supply shocks caused by insecurity, climate-induced factors such as flood and rainfall shortage.

“In some cases, inefficient, subsistent and seasonal farming practices as well as importation bottle necks that have impacted the prices of imported food items are also critical factors.

“Anecdotal evidence indicates that recent exchange rate volatility has fuelled more foreign demands for agricultural products, especially, from neighboring countries.

“While this presents an opportunity to expand and boost agricultural output, hence creating jobs in the sector, supply constraint exacerbated demand, instigating more inflationary pressures.

“Given this backdrop, the emergency committee on food security set up by the President has been taking a number of measures and we see an end in sight to the persistent rise on food inflation.

“On our side at the CBN, we have responded with significant monetary policy tightening to reign in inflationary pressure.

“Empirical analysis has established that money supply is one of the factors fueling the current inflationary pressure.

“For instance, an analysis of the trend of the money supply spanning over nine months shows that M3 increased from N52.01 trillion in January 2023 to N68.25 trillion in November 2023 representing N16.24 trillion or 31.22 percent increase over the period.

“Increase in Net Foreign Asset (NFA) following the harmonization of exchange rates and the N3.22 trillion ways and means advances were the major factors driving the increase in money supply.”

Cardoso told the senators that the apex bank had decided to discontinue the ways and means regime.

He said, “I am pleased to note the Fiscal Authorities efforts in discontinuing ways and means advances.

“This is also in compliance with section (38) of the CBN Act (2007), the Bank is no longer at liberty to grant further ways and means advances to the Federal Government until the outstanding balance as of December 31, 2023, is fully settled.

“The Bank must strictly adhere to the law limiting advances under ways and means to 5 percent of the previous year’s revenue.

“We have also halted quasi-fiscal measures of over 10 trillion naira by the Central Bank of Nigeria under the guise of development finance interventions which hitherto contributed to flooding excess Naira and raising prices to the levels of Inflation we are grappling with today.

“The CBN’s adoption of inflation-targeting framework involves clear communication and collaboration with fiscal authorities to achieve price stability, potentially leading to lowered policy rates, stimulating investment, and creating job opportunities.

“Our MPC meeting on the 26th and 27th of February is also expected to review the situation and take further decisions on these important issues.”
Aside the CBN Governor, top government functionaries like the Ministers of Finance, Wale Edun, Budget and National Planning, Senator Atiku Bagudu, Agriculture and Food Security , Senator Abubakar Kyari, also made presentations based on questions asked by the Senators on the State of Economy.
The Minister of Finance, who is also the Coordinating Minister of the Economy, said the Federal Government was committed to end the current pains of Nigerians through a social security strategy.

Edun said, “In terms of the social protection that is uppermost at this moment and we have the social protection measures through direct payments.
“Direct payments properly done biometrically can lead to reduction in poverty.
“it is proven empirically worldwide, that is why that is an issue that is being look at now. It is our commitment to as soon as possible, resume the social investment programme and the safety net particularly at this time.
“So in a short term the commitment is to face the pains of Nigerians and to do everything that can be done to ease those pains and of course on the foreign exchange side to bring about stability.
“On Expenditure, we are looking at ensuring government expenditure is carefully spent.
“Even the President has reduced his own expenditure and so for the Medium Term let us be assured that the monetary and the fiscal policies which are being implemented are going to increase production, increase funding for the government will play its own role.
“Difficult reforms take time for the benefits to come through and our duty is to ensure in a short term we minimize he pains to the poor and the most vulnerables. ”
Minister of Agriculture and Food Security , Senator Abubakar Kyari, on his part said there is the challenge of Affordability of food, and availability in some cases.
“we have been challenged quite sometimes over COVID which had impact on Agriculture and all other sector, at the same time if you remember the flooding of 2021, and also the Naira redesign of 2022 ,2023 at the point of harvest.
“In 2022 government came up with the policy of redesigning of Naira and that really impacted on the availability of cash. In 2023 early when farmers were just preparing for planting in 2023 they had no cash anywhere.
“Access to capital for farmers is very key, in addition an exiting Government did not plan to do wet season cultivation for 2023, I don’t think there was any impact or any intervention against the 2023 cultivation and that also impacted on the quantum of harvest in 2023.

Senator Sani Musa who chairs the Senate Committee on Finance, in series of posers fired at the Ministers and CBN Governor, queried the $3.3billion collected as loan to rescue Naira , since expected positive effects are not being felt , months after .
But the Chairman of Committee on Banking, Insurance and other Financial Institutions, Senator Adetokunbo Abiru in his remarks, told the CBN governor to ensure proper synergy between Monetary and Fiscal Policies .
He specifically, urged the CBN governor to make available to the committee, audited account of the apex bank and its Budget .

Economy

FG restates commitment to revamping textile industry, create jobs, reduce insecurity

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President of Federation of agricultural commodity of Nigeria (FACAN), Sherrif Balogun and the Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment Doris Nkiruka Uzoka-Anite at a townhall meeting with stakeholders in the cotton value chain in Abuja
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***Stakeholders Urge Dagote to give the sector special concession with N650 per liter AGO

The Federal Government of Nigeria has reiterated its determination under the President Bola Tinubu’s All Progressives Congress (APC) led administration to turn around the fortunes of the country by revamping the textile industry.
This it said will ensure the cotton, textile and garment sector of the Nigerian economy take the lead in creating employment reducing insecurity, increasing industrialisation and reduce import dependenc.y
The Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment, Doris Nkiruka Uzoka-Anite who spoke at a town hall meeting of stakeholders in the cotton value chain, yesterday said, it will also create import substitution, increase exports and hence actually generate all the foreign exchange that the coubtry needs.
Minister stated further that after listening to some of the comment and speeches, she is even more encouraged, and have become optimistic that the cotton textile and garment sector of Nigeria will be revitalized under the administration of Bola Ahmed Tinubu
“During his campaign he made these promises to this sector and now we are fulfilling the promise.
“You have witnessed the opportunity where we are bringing investors, we are bringing the plan of action that will really turn around and revive the cotton, textile and garment sector.
“We are expecting to create job opportunities immediately. In the next three to six months we should be seeing injection of capital, technical support, increase in market access for the textile and the garment sector”
“This is going to be a significant economic boost and super increase in our GDP portraits and a super impact on our economies, from the local economy the communities all the way to the industries.
“We should see that job creation that we have all looked out for. The projection we see from Arise is that within the next two years we should be creating 200,000 jobs, we know that the capacity of the industry can actually grow into millions.
“It will also have the multiplier effect by creating a boom in the fashion designing sector, in the garment making sector where the Nigerian designs in prints, fabric have actually gained a world recognition and that we can latch on to the fashion industry to further increase the consumption and the demand for cotton, textile and garment that are being produced within the country.
“We have the population, we have the market, we have the excitement and the enthusiasm and now we are getting technical and finances support and we are bringing in the foreign investors directly into this value chain.
“I think this is just the beginning. I want to thank the President for his vision, his leadership in ensuring that we are able to revamp, restructure and reposition the cotton, textile and garment sector of the Nigerian economy to take the lead in creating employment reducing insecurity, increasing industrialisation, reducing import dependency, creating import substitution and of course increasing exports and hence we can actually generate all the foreign exchange that we need. “The challenges are there but I can assure you that they are in the past. In the words of the President, he will always tell you the challenges are in the past, now is solution focused, how do we move forward, how do we bring about the solution.
“That is what we have started here and that is what we are proposing. For me it is a new turn around, it is a new time, a new period of renewed hope for the country, this is actually the renewed hope.We look forward to the subsequent meetings and engagements.
She pointed out that the two weeks given to the investor is a short time “but we told they they must come back in two weeks and they gave us the commitment and they agreed to it.
“Subsequently we will engage more stakeholders, have more stakeholders engagement to see the result of the out come of the due diligence that they will be carrying out, factory specific engagement that they will be having.
“The intention here is to invest first in your factory, in your farm lands, in whatever production lines that you have, invest first in it even before we think of investing new capital. We are bringing in Investment we bring in new marchinery if your machinery is moribund and outdated
She said, the government is bringing in new technology that will help to improve the production and capacity of the factories, training their staff, bringing the right seeds and inputs, bringing all that is necessary to ensure that the yield is guaranteed, and “the right quantity and quality that we can even be able to compete internationally.”
President of Federation of agricultural commodity of Nigeria (FACAN), Sherrif Balogun said the sector has been brought together to take the opportunity and see what can be done.
“We are also excited that investment opportunities are coming in for the textile and it will give us opportunity to move our garments into the US and other parts of the world
“We need to cooperate, we need to have a change of mindset
We know the problems, we know what we need to do, what is remaining is the solution
“There will be total involvement of the players in the sector. Let us look at it positively, yes we know there are problems but how do we tackle them? What are the solutions.
“What are the other things we need to do and we have to do it immediately
“Iam happy we are changing the narrative from that of abandoning, closure to that of hope.
“Currently Nigeria is facing crises of foreign exchange, low purchasing power, unemployment. We cannot resolve these crises unless we turn them into opportunities. “Our economy started relying on capital market. We should move to adding value to our raw materials
He said the President in his manifesto promised if he takes power he will do everything to revive the textile industry
“Now that police, Navy will be producing their garment with us. Also now that Dangote has reduce the desiel pump price to N950 liter. We are asking Dangote to give special concession to the Textile to be able to get diesel at N650 special price

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Economy

FG anticipates higher Investments, increased trade from G-24

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In its quest to bring tranquility to the tempestuous foreign exchange market the Federal Government has asked for investment and increased trading relationships from member countries of the G-24.
These will play a critical role in the country’s quest for growth as well as ensure a stable and growing economy.
Director of Information and Public Relations Mohammed Danjuma quoted the Minister of Finance and Co-ordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Wale Edun, to have made the request at the ongoing World Bank-IMF Spring Meetings holding in Washington DC.

Represented by the Director General of the Budget Office of the Federation, Mr. Ben Akabueze, the Minister informed the G-24, a group of countries working together to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and financial issues and indeed the global gathering that Nigerian Government, on its part, has administered a cocktail of intervention programmes and potent policies which are already yielding desired outcomes.

He explained that
the efforts of the President Bola Ahmed Tinubu-led Administration towards repositioning the economy
were already yielding desired outcomes, which has significantly narrowed the gap between the exchanges at the parallel market and the Nigeria Foreign Exchange Market.

Edun said that Nigeria was well positioned to attract investments in various sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, oil and gas, amongst others.

While responding to a question from a Russian journalist on areas of cooperation between the two countries, the Minister said that the last major investment of the Eastern European nation in Nigeria was the Ajaokuta Steel Company, which currently lies prostate over large sprawling greenfield.

He informed further that apart from Brazil, there is no country in the world with as much arable land as Nigeria, as such, the country should be a net exporter of food and not an importer.

Edun also justified the decision for the Dangote Refinery to work on meeting local demands of petroleum products before eyeing export markets.

“Does it make a meaning that domestic demand is not yet met and a company refines products and exports, while Nigeria goes and imports the same products from Europe?” he queried.

The Minister added that local refining would be encouraged until indigenous demand has been fully met, and then the nation can export products as well as earn foreign exchange from such exports.

On budget implementation, he said that the capital component of the 2023 supplementary budget was still being implemented and would run until June due to government’s determination to make impacts in various sectors.

The Minister added that the 2024 budget was being implemented as planned, assuring that the citizens would be better for it.

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FG moves to pin down Ways and Means to tackle liquidity in the system

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The Minister of Finance and Co-ordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Wale Edun, has said that the Federal Government will pin down Ways and Means to deal with the problem of too much liquidity in the system, in its avowed determination to alleviate the pressure of excess money in the system.

The Minister made the disclosure in Washington DC, United States of America, while answering questions from journalists shortly
after a meeting with investors at the on-going Spring Meetings of the IMF and World Bank.
The director of Information and Public Relations Mohammed Manga in a statement quoted the minister to have informed the global gathering that the President Bola Ahmed Tinubu-led Administration was fully determined to
pinning down on Ways and Means to alleviate the pressure of the excess money in the system.

He added that in the light of this, the fiscal and monetary authorities were also working towards bringing down inflation. 

Mr. Edun added that by so doing, *the two authorities are working hand in hand to bring down inflation and pressure on price stability and stabilising the exchange rate with the target of bringing down interest rates so that investors can borrow at a more affordable rate with a view to getting the economy going the right direction again.

“We need to borrow less and focus more on domestic resource mobilization. We want long-term resources to avoid repayment and refinancing pressures, he said.

The Minister added further that the nation’s tax/GDP was too low, even lower than the African region’s average and that as such, reforms were underway to streamline the number of taxes, deploy technology and implement policies that would double tax revenue in the next three years
“At 10 percent to GDP, what should I say? It would appear as if some people are not paying their taxes. Our strategy is to increase the tax revenue without increasing the rate of taxes. We want to deploy technology to make tax collection more efficient. 
“Our analysis has shown that 90 percent of tax revenue comes from nine tax heads while we have over 80 taxes from federal through states to local  councils.
“If we eliminate the large number of these taxes and concentrate on the nine that yield the current 90 percent revenue and deploy technology, there will be more efficiency and we will be able to double our tax revenue in about three years”, Edun said

He stated further that “if we eliminate the large number of taxes and bill people properly, we will gain in terms of the peoples’ willingness to pay and you will collect more revenue.” The Minister assured.

While addressing a question on food security, the Minister said that the present administration was dealing with the problem so as to provide farmers’ access to their farms, especially in parts of the country where insecurity has played a major role in reducing food production. 

Mr. Edun added that agro clusters were being developed in collaboration with the African Development Bank so as to increase food production in the country. 

Alongside the Minister at the meeting were the former Minister of Finance Zainab Ahmed, Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Finance Mrs Lydia Shehu Jafiya, Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Mr Olayemi Cardoso and some other top government officials.

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